Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation); It is a branch of medicine that takes a holistic approach to acute and chronic problems such as musculoskeletal system problems, neurological diseases, chronic pain and cancer-related disability, and deals with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of medical conditions that cause disability in all age groups.
As Medixcope, in our Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation center of our contracted institutions; We provide services in order to regulate the diagnosis and treatment of muscular and skeletal system diseases, to increase the quality of life of people by maximizing their functional capacity and daily activity performance, and to meet the needs of patients in need of rehabilitation with a comprehensive rehabilitation program for all systems.
The purpose of rehabilitation is to increase the functional capacity of the individual, to prevent and improve disability, to enable the individual to become independent in daily life and to increase the quality of life.
- Physical Therapy Methods
- Hot Treatment
- Hotpacks, heating pads and paraffin can be applied as surface heaters. Hotpack is a fabric bag filled with silicate gel. After the silicate gel is heated up to 60-70 ° C by drawing water, it can be applied by wrapping in a towel for 20 to 30 minutes without losing its heat. Depending on the application area, they can provide a temperature increase of 1.1-3.3 ° C at a tissue depth of 1-4 cm.
- Hot treatment;
- ⦁ Increases blood flow.
- ⦁ Increases nerve conduction velocity.
- ⦁ Increases the elongation ability of tendons and collagen
- ⦁ It reduces joint stiffness.
- ⦁ Provides general relaxation.
- ⦁ Reduces pain.
- ⦁ Hydrotherapy
- Hydrostatic pressure, viscosity and buoyancy are utilized with the water movement provided by a motor, while at the same time, a suitable hydrotherapy environment for exercise is created with the warming effect of hot water. Whirpool baths are used for edema treatment and exercise.
- ⦁ Cold therapy
- Cold packs are applied in cold treatment. Cold therapy: reduces edema, pain, muscle tone and resolves muscle spasm.
- ⦁ Ultrasound Treatment
- It is a method that causes warming in deep tissues (muscle, tendon, ligament and bone) rather than skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Ultrasound is a high frequency sound wave. The sound wave absorbed by the tissue turns into heat energy and is used to heat deep tissues such as muscle and bone.
- Ultrasound also has a micromassage effect, which enables the movement of fluid in tissues; This effect is used in edematous tissues, and wound healing is accelerated.
- ⦁ Laser Treatment
- In physical therapy, a low intensity laser without heating effect is used. It increases circulation, biological activity, regulates the intercellular relationship, increases collagen synthesis and accelerates tissue healing. Low-intensity laser has two main uses: Stimulation therapy with an acupuncture-like effect, and regional irradiation in regional painful syndromes used in tennis elbow and heel spur.
- ⦁ Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Therapy
- By applying intermittent pressure, it ensures that the fluid in the veins and lymph vessels is pumped from the arm or leg towards the heart. It helps regulate blood circulation. It is used in the treatment of edema and lymphedema.
- ⦁ Electrical Stimulation
- TENS is pain relief electrical current applied through superficial electrodes placed on the skin. It suppresses the transmission of pain at the spinal cord level with electrical currents.
- Purposes of electric currents in Physical Therapy:
- ⦁ Continuous Passive Motion Device (CPM)
- ⦁ CPM device is frequently used in orthopedic rehabilitation program after knee surgery to increase the nutrition of joint cartilage, to provide joint movement and to prevent effusion.
- ⦁ Traction
- Traction is a technique that stretches soft tissues with pulling force and separates joint surfaces and bone structures. It can be manual, mechanical, motorized or hydraulic.
- Effects of traction on the spine:
- ⦁ Used in the treatment of traction disc herniation (hernia). It is not applied in the presence of severe bone resorption, multi-level lumbar hernia due to calcification, loss of stability in the spine, spinal fracture, severe spinal cord compression, infection and tumor.
- ⦁ Massage
- ⦁ Orthosis applications
- The devices used to support the body, correct it, prevent its movement and provide functional movement are called orthoses. The orthotic team consists of a physical therapist, orthosis-prosthesis technician, physiotherapist and patient. Neck-waist braces, wrist splints, and walking orthoses are the orthoses prescribed frequently. The purpose of walking orthoses is to get the patient to stand up and walk as close to normal.
- ⦁ Biofeedback
- Biofeedback is to control the physiological functions of the body by learning. It is a method that informs the person about physical functions by sending auditory and visual signals with electronic devices and enables the person to be aware of and change their functions by using this information.
- Biofeedback is an application that helps exercise therapy. With the balance biofeedback device used as a part of the rehabilitation program, patients are trained to correct and improve balance and posture.
Exercise Therapy
Exercises; improves posture, strengthens muscles, provides flexibility, increases endurance and aerobic capacity. The exercise program is specially planned by the physical therapist according to the needs and functional disorders of the patient. The physiotherapist teaches the planned exercises to the patient and ensures that the patient does these exercises correctly under his / her supervision. Performing the exercises correctly is important for both pain relief and patient safety. The exercise program should be personal (individual), improve function and be safe for the patient.
We can divide exercise therapy into two as preventive exercises and therapeutic exercises:
⦁ Protective exercise:
It is an exercise program specially prepared for the individual in order to protect the physical function of the individual, prevent injuries, and provide general well-being and fitness.
⦁ Therapeutic exercise:
Exercises are applied to relieve pain, to treat physical dysfunctions such as muscle weakness, joint movement limitation, posture disorder, balance and gait disorder.
What are the forms of exercise therapy?
⦁ Aerobic exercises (such as walking, cycling)
⦁ Muscle strengthening exercises
⦁ Stretching exercises
⦁ Posture training
⦁ Modified pilates exercises
⦁ Balance and coordination training
⦁ Deep sense training
⦁ Walking exercises
⦁ Relaxation exercises
⦁ Breathing exercises
⦁ Treatment with Pilates Exercises
It is modified in the treatment of posture disorders, low back pain and fibromyalgia and applied within a Physical Therapy exercise program. It focuses on coordination of breathing, strengthening posture and trunk along with exercise. It strengthens muscles, provides flexibility and corrects posture. Exercises applied in Pilates; breathing exercises, strengthening and stabilization of abdominal muscles, strengthening of back muscles, mobilization and strengthening of scapula muscles, relaxation exercises and stretching exercises.
Posture disorders that are habitual during sitting and standing in daily life can cause pain by straining the muscles, ligaments and joints around the spine and putting a load on these muscles. Posture disorders are tried to be corrected with Pilates exercises. This area is stabilized by strengthening the waist and abdominal muscles.
⦁ Exercise safety
Safety is one of the main issues in the exercise therapy program of the individual, whether the exercises are performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist or independently.
⦁ What are the factors affecting patient safety during exercise?
⦁ The current health status and background of the patient
⦁ Used drugs
⦁ Exercise environment
⦁ Good functioning of exercise equipment and suitability for the patient
⦁ Type, intensity, speed and duration of the exercise to be recommended to the patient.
Our Physical Therapists plan a safe exercise program for the patient by taking all these factors into consideration, and ensure patient safety by controlling these factors while performing the exercises under their own supervision.
For a healthy and quality life, do not neglect to have your check-ups regularly.
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